The old Section 124A IPC (sedition) — a relic of British colonial rule used to jail freedom fighters — has been replaced by Section 152 of the BNS, 2023.
Section 152 BNS
Whoever, purposely or knowingly, by words (spoken or written), signs, visible representation, electronic communication, or financial means:
- Excites or attempts to excite secession or armed rebellion
- Encourages separatist activities
- Endangers sovereignty or unity and integrity of India
…shall be punished with imprisonment for life or up to 7 years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Key Differences from Old Sedition Law
| Old § 124A IPC | New § 152 BNS |
|---|---|
| ”Disaffection” towards government | Secession, armed rebellion, separatism |
| Very broad scope | Narrower, more specific |
| Mere criticism could attract it | Mere criticism is NOT covered |
| No mention of digital means | Electronic communication explicitly included |
Criticism of the government, however strong, is not an offence under Section 152 BNS.